Physicochemical Properties of Zinc and Lactose in Solid Mixtures: Influence of Trituration Process

Clarissa Fontes; Adriana P. Oliveira; João V.C. Batista; Cleo Martins; André Rossi; Enrique R. Yapuchura; Priscila Furtado; Paloma Meireles; Marcia Alves Marques Capella; Paulo H.S. Picciani; Carla Holandino

doi:10.1055/s-0041-1735984

Homeopathy, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Homeopathy 2022; 111(03): 164-175
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735984

Original Research Article

Physicochemical Properties of Zinc and Lactose in Solid Mixtures: Influence of Trituration Process

Clarissa Fontes

¹Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

,

Adriana P. Oliveira

¹Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

,

João V.C. Batista

¹Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

,

Cleo Martins

²Department of Applied Physics, Brazilian Center of Research in Physics, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

,

André Rossi

²Department of Applied Physics, Brazilian Center of Research in Physics, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

,

Enrique R. Yapuchura

³Laboratory of Carbon and Ceramic Materials, Department of Physics, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil

,

Priscila Furtado

⁴Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

,

Paloma Meireles

⁴Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

,

Marcia Alves Marques Capella

¹Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

⁵LaRBio, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

,

Paulo H.S. Picciani

⁶Institute of Macromolecules Professora Eloisa Mano, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

,

Carla Holandino

¹Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy College, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

› Institutsangaben

Abstract

Background Recent experimental results supporting the dynamization process show modification in the characteristics of solid mixtures.

Objective The present work aims to evaluate the physicochemical properties of metallic zinc and lactose, evidencing the interactions between all chemical components presented in dynamized solid mixtures by analytical techniques.

Methods Mixtures of zinc and lactose (1:9 w/w) were successively triturated at the same proportion according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia, receiving the designation of 10⁻¹ – 10⁻⁶ (1dH – 6dH). All samples were submitted to the following characterization techniques: Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetry (TG), and Raman Spectroscopy (RS).

Results AAS results detected 97.0% of zinc in the raw material, and the triturated zinc lactose system (ZnMet) presented mean values similar to those expected for the physical mixtures: i.e., 9.94%, 1.23%, and 0.11% in the three first proportions (10⁻¹, 10⁻², 10⁻³), respectively. SEM images showed particle size reduction due to the trituration process. The XRD assays of ZnMet 10⁻³ and 10⁻⁶ indicated peak changes at 12.3° and 43.26°, probably associated with modifications of inter-atomic crystalline spacing. The thermal analysis results of dynamized samples suggest modifications in the chemical interaction between zinc and lactose induced by the physical forces applied. RS experiments showed variation in vibration frequencies due to the dynamization procedure, in which marked ZnMet 10⁻⁶ spectral modifications were detected at 357, 477, 1086 and 1142 cm⁻¹, and in the wavelength range 860–920 cm⁻¹.

Conclusion These results highlight the importance of applying suitable characterization methods to improve our understanding of the properties of homeopathic solid mixtures, whereas the uses of sensitive tools evidence the influence of trituration on the crystalline properties and in the enthalpy variation of dynamized samples.

Keywords

physicochemical - solid mixtures - zinc - lactose - trituration

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